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工具

查看 MAC 地址 使用信息

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat show_mac_address_status.sh
#!/bin/bash
grep 'mac address' /etc/libvirt/qemu/*.xml|awk -F ": " '{print $2, $1}'| sort
root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm# ./show_mac_address_status.sh
     <mac address='12:34:56:78:90:a1'/> /etc/libvirt/qemu/win10_21H2.xml
     <mac address='12:34:56:78:90:a2'/> /etc/libvirt/qemu/blog.xml
     <mac address='52:54:00:92:69:4d'/> /etc/libvirt/qemu/koolshare.xml
root@debian:~/kvm#

查看 OS与发行版信息

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat  show_os_info.sh
#!/bin/bash
find /usr/share/osinfo/os/

root@debian:~/kvm# ./show_os_info.sh
/usr/share/osinfo/os/
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-2.0.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-8.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-2.1.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-4.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-7.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-1.2.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-9.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-3.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-3.1.xml
/usr/share/osinfo/os/debian.org/debian-1.3.xml

查看 VNC 端口使用情况

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat show_vnc_port_status.sh
#!/bin/bash
grep 'graphics.*vnc' /etc/libvirt/qemu/*.xml | awk -F ": " '{print $2, $1}'| sort

root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm# ./show_vnc_port_status.sh
   <graphics type='vnc' port='5920' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'> /etc/libvirt/qemu/win10_21H2.xml
   <graphics type='vnc' port='5921' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'> /etc/libvirt/qemu/koolshare.xml
   <graphics type='vnc' port='5922' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'> /etc/libvirt/qemu/blog.xml
root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm#
root@debian:~/kvm#

重新定义一个 XML文件

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat redefine

NAME="win10_21H2"
virsh  destroy  ${NAME}
virsh  define  /etc/libvirt/qemu/${win10_21H2}.xml
virsh  start ${win10_21H2}

root@debian:~/kvm#

全新安装

Debian 11

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat kvm_install_blog.sh
#!/bin/bash
OS_DOMAIN='blog'
OS_DISK="/home/OS_Disk_Image/${OS_DOMAIN}.disk"
OS_IMG_DIR='/mnt/data/08_各种镜像/OS_Linux/'

virsh  destroy  $OS_DOMAIN  > /dev/null 2>&1
virsh  undefine $OS_DOMAIN  > /dev/null 2>&1

rm -rf $OS_DISK
rm -rf /var/log/libvirt/qemu/${OS_DOMAIN}.log
rm -rf /etc/libvirt/storage

virt-install                                               \
--virt-type=kvm                                            \
--os-type=linux                                            \
--os-variant=debian10                                      \
--name ${OS_DOMAIN}                                        \
--cpu=host-passthrough                                     \
--accelerate                                               \
--autostart                                                \
--ram 2048                                                 \
--noautoconsole                                            \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1                        \
--network mac=12:34:56:78:90:A2,bridge=br0,model=virtio    \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5922,password=chunli    \
--disk path=${OS_DISK},size=40,format=raw,bus=virtio       \
--cdrom     ${OS_IMG_DIR}/debian/debian-11.2.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso \

root@debian:~/kvm#

Linux Console 控制台模板

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virt-install                                                   \
--virt-type=kvm                                                \
--name=centos6                                                 \
--memory=1024                                                  \
--vcpus=1                                                      \
--bridge=br0                                                   \
--os-type=linux                                                \
--location=/var/lib/libvirt/boot/CentOS-6.5-i386-bin-DVD1.iso  \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos6.disk,size=10       \
--console=pty,target_type=serial                               \
--graphics=none                                                \
--extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"

Windows 10

建议安装专业版，企业版的管理功能用不上反而是累赘,消耗CPU资源.

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat kvm_install_win10_21H2.sh
#!/bin/bash
OS_DOMAIN='win10_21H2'
OS_DISK="/home/OS_Disk_Image/${OS_DOMAIN}.disk"
OS_IMG_DIR='/mnt/data/08_各种镜像/OS_windows/'

virsh  destroy  $OS_DOMAIN  > /dev/null 2>&1
virsh  undefine $OS_DOMAIN  > /dev/null 2>&1

rm -rf $OS_DISK
rm -rf /var/log/libvirt/qemu/${OS_DOMAIN}.log
rm -rf /etc/libvirt/storage

virt-install                                               \
--virt-type=kvm                                            \
--os-type=windows                                          \
--os-variant=win10                                         \
--name ${OS_DOMAIN}                                        \
--cpu=host-passthrough                                     \
--accelerate                                               \
--autostart                                                \
--ram 4096                                                 \
--noautoconsole                                            \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=2,threads=2                        \
--network mac=12:34:56:78:90:A1,bridge=br0,model=virtio    \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920,password=chunli    \
--disk path=${OS_DISK},size=80,format=raw,bus=virtio       \
--disk path=${OS_IMG_DIR}/virtio-win/virtio-win-0.1.190_amd64.vfd,device=floppy \
--cdrom     ${OS_IMG_DIR}/windows_10_2111/zh-cn_windows_10_business_editions_version_21h2_x64_dvd_93b4cb1a.iso \

root@debian:~/kvm#

windows_10 模板:

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virt-install                                               \
--virt-type=kvm                                            \
--os-type=windows                                          \
--name code                                                \
--accelerate                                               \
--autostart                                                \
--hvm                                                      \
--ram 8192                                                 \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=2,threads=2                        \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio                          \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920,password=chunli    \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/virtio-win-0.1.126_amd64.vfd,device=floppy \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/windows_10_1809.disk,size=200,format=qcow2,bus=virtio \
--cdrom=/home/OS_Disk_Image/cn_windows_10_consumer_edition_version_1809_updated_sept_2018_x64_dvd_051b7719.iso \
--noautoconsole

windows 模板
兼容 CentOS Debian

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virt-install                                               \
--virt-type=kvm                                            \
--os-type=windows                                          \
--name win10                                               \
--accelerate                                               \
--autostart                                                \
--hvm                                                      \
--ram 4096                                                 \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=2,threads=2                        \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio                          \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920,password=chunli    \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/virtio-win-0.1.126_amd64.vfd,device=floppy \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/win10.disk,size=80,format=raw,bus=virtio \
--cdrom=/mnt/data/08_各种镜像/OS_windows/windows_10_LTSC_2019/cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2019_x64_dvd_9c09ff24.iso \
--noautoconsole

win10 模板
经过测试对比， Windows10版本中 1709空闲时占用CPU最低， 1809占用CPU最高， 1903，LTSC 约30%

#VNC 也可以不设定密码

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virt-install                            \
--name win10_1709                       \
--ram 4096                              \
--os-type=windows                       \
--os-variant=win10                      \
--virt-type=kvm                         \
--accelerate                            \
--autostart                             \
--noautoconsole                         \
--cpu=host                              \
--vcpus    sockets=1,cores=2,threads=2  \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920 \
--boot cdrom                            \
--network  bridge=br0,model=virtio      \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/win10_1709.disk,size=80,format=raw,bus=virtio \
--disk path=/mnt/data/08_各种镜像/OS_windows/virtio-win-0.1.126_amd64.vfd,device=floppy    \
--disk path=/mnt/data/08_各种镜像/OS_windows/windows_10_1709/cn_windows_10_multi-edition_version_1709_updated_dec_2017_x64_dvd_100406696.iso,device=cdrom    \

镜像导入

koolshare

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root@debian:~/kvm# cat kvm_install_koolshare.sh
virt-install                                               \
--virt-type=kvm                                            \
--os-type=linux                                            \
--name koolshare                                           \
--accelerate                                               \
--autostart                                                \
--ram 256                                                  \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1                        \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio                          \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5921,password=chunli   \
--import                                                   \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/koolshare.disk,format=raw,bus=virtio \
--noautoconsole

root@debian:~/kvm#

软路由模板

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[root@dell ~]# cat install_kvm_mikrotik.sh
name=mikrotik
RAM=256
ostype=linux
osvariant=centos7.0

virsh destroy  mikrotik
sleep 1
virsh undefine mikrotik
rm -rf /home/OS_Disk_Image/${name}.disk

virt-install                            \
--name $name                            \
--os-type=$ostype                       \
--os-variant=$osvariant                 \
--accelerate                            \
--autostart                             \
--hvm                                   \
--ram $RAM                              \
--cpu=host                              \
--vcpus sockets=1,cores=2,threads=1     \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio       \
--network bridge=br1,model=virtio       \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5928,password=chunli \
--noautoconsol                          \
--cdrom=/home/OS_Disk_Image/mikrotik-6.44.6.iso             \
--disk path=/home/OS_Disk_Image/${name}.disk,size=1,format=raw,bus=ide

[root@dell ~]#

物理机添加一块物理磁盘给虚拟机