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GCC DEBUG 相关参数 官方手册

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html

我的环境

时间：

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chunli@blog:~/source$ date
Wed 30 Nov 2022 06:38:20 PM CST
chunli@blog:~/source$

软件

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chunli@blog:~/source$ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
chunli@blog:~/source$

程序：

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chunli@blog:~/source$ cat gcc_asan_test.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int fun1(char *dst, const char *str)
{
    dst[10] = str[10];
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    char buff[10];
    const char *str = "HelloWorld HelloWorld HelloWorld";
    fun1(buff, str);

    return 0;
}
chunli@blog:~/source$

直接运行

运行即崩溃

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chunli@blog:~/source$ gcc -g -O1 gcc_asan_test.c && ./a.out
Segmentation fault
chunli@blog:~/source$

asan 运行

加上 fsanitize 再运行， 可以直接看到报错了

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chunli@blog:~/source$ gcc -g -O1 -fsanitize=address gcc_asan_test.c && ./a.out

错误的说明很有用， 指出了 gcc_asan_test.c:7 存在 stack-buffer-overflow
=================================================================
==420560==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x7ffe05f9017a at pc 0x7f37b961c8a1 bp 0x7ffe05f90100 sp 0x7ffe05f8f8b0
WRITE of size 32 at 0x7ffe05f9017a thread T0
    #0 0x7f37b961c8a0 in __interceptor_memcpy ../../../../src/libsanitizer/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_common_interceptors.inc:806
    #1 0x5589aebaa1cc in fun1 /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:7
    #2 0x5589aebaa263 in main /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:15
    #3 0x7f37b9431d09 in __libc_start_main ../csu/libc-start.c:308
    #4 0x5589aebaa0d9 in _start (/home/chunli/source/a.out+0x10d9)

Address 0x7ffe05f9017a is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 42 in frame
    #0 0x5589aebaa1e3 in main /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:12

ASAN 断点

这样课可以看到错误原因，但是看不到触发条件
GDB ASAN 断点

  1. b __asan::ReportGenericError 发现了错误，断点位于汇报信息之前
  2. b __sanitizer::Die 发现了错误，断点位于汇报信息之后

如果这个程序， 发到项目现场， 会发现依赖了一个 libasan.so.6

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chunli@blog:~/source$ gcc -g -O1 -fsanitize=address gcc_asan_test.c
chunli@blog:~/source$ ldd ./a.out
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd1a9f8000)
    libasan.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.6 (0x00007f5c3f175000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5c3efa0000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5c3ef9a000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5c3ef78000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5c3ee34000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5c3ee1a000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5c3fb4b000)
chunli@blog:~/source$

为了便于发布到现场， libasan需要静态编译

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chunli@blog:~/source$ gcc -g -O1 -fsanitize=address -static-libasan gcc_asan_test.c
chunli@blog:~/source$ ldd a.out
    linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff8a6ff000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd23efd2000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fd23efb0000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fd23ee6c000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fd23ee52000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd23ec7d000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd23f98c000)
chunli@blog:~/source$

运行效果

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chunli@blog:~/source$ ./a.out
=================================================================
==420593==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: stack-buffer-overflow on address 0x7fff926b734a at pc 0x56083c88c121 bp 0x7fff926b72d0 sp 0x7fff926b6a80
WRITE of size 32 at 0x7fff926b734a thread T0
    #0 0x56083c88c120 in __interceptor_memcpy (/home/chunli/source/a.out+0x1e120)
    #1 0x56083c93b74c in fun1 /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:7
    #2 0x56083c93b7e3 in main /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:15
    #3 0x7f91d1223d09 in __libc_start_main ../csu/libc-start.c:308
    #4 0x56083c876419 in _start (/home/chunli/source/a.out+0x8419)

Address 0x7fff926b734a is located in stack of thread T0 at offset 42 in frame
    #0 0x56083c93b763 in main /home/chunli/source/gcc_asan_test.c:12

ASAN 实现原理

GCC 添加编译选项 -fsanitize=address

程序运行中 会时刻检测 读取/写入 的合法性.
一旦发现 影子内存 的标记 不一致, 马上 调用 report